Tipe-tipe Keputusan

Tipe Keputusan yaitu ada 2 :

1. Keputusan yang terprogram yaitu keputusan yang terstruktur, yang muncul berulang-ulang pada contoh ini saya akan menganalisis sebuah toko baju yang berada di daerah limus pratama. Keputusan yang terprogram adalah ketika menempatkan dimana baju-baju itu diletakkan,kapan harus buka dan tutup, pergantian pegawai dll.

2. Keputusan yang tidak terprogram yaitu muncul karena adanya masalah yang luar biasa, tidak ada pedoman yang cukup rinci contoh nya dr toko baju tadi yaitu ketika ingin buka cabang baru kenapa termasuk keputusan tidak terprogram?karena tidak setiap hari buka cabang baru jadi tidak ada pedoman.

Kas Kecil ( Petty Cash )

Pengertian Dana Kas Kecil (Petty Cash)

Dana Kas kecil adalah sejumlah uang kas atau uang tunai yang disediakan perusahaan untuk membayar pengeluaran-pengeluaran yang jumlahnya relatif kecil dan ekonomis bila dibayar dengan cek misalnya : pembelian materai,perangko,rekening listrik,rekening air,perlengkapan kantor,biaya keamanan, biaya kebersihan dsb.
Dana Kas Kecil (Petty Cash) diserahkann pada juru bayar kas kecil perusahaan yang akan bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengeluaran dan penggunaan dana kas kecil . Hal ini dilakukan untuk menjagakelancaran dan menghindari bentuk penyelewengan pengisian dana kas kecil dapat dilakukan berdasarkan permintaan pemegang kas kecil jika dana kas kecil sudah menipis atau dilakukan secara periodik.

contoh format Kas Kecil :

PT...........

PETTY CASH

BULAN TAHUN

Date	Evidence Number	Description	Debit			Kredit
			Account	No.Acc	Total	Petty Cash

Passive Voice

Passive voice merupakan ungkapan kalimat pasif. Dalam bentuk pasif subjek yang dikenai pekerjaan sedangkan dalam bentuk aktif subjeklah yang melakukan perbuatan. Dalam membentuk kalimat pasif yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengubah to be dan mengganti kata kerja ke dalam bentuk ketiga/V3.

Ada beberapa bentuk umum yang sering digunakan dalam membentuk passive voice. Yang membedakan adalah waktu berlangsungnya kejadian yang diterangkan, sudah terjadi, sedang terjadi atau akan terjadi.

Yang paling penting di ingat sebelum kita mencoba membuat passive voice dan kalimat ungkapan lainnya adalah penggunaan to be pada objek.

I (am/was, have/had) / khusus

He, she, it ( is/was, has/had) /tunggal

They, we, you (are/were, have/had) / jamak

PRESENT

1. Simple Present Tense

S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I am called by the teacher

2.      Maya is drawn a mountain

3.      I am seen the house on the hill

2. Present Continuous Tense

S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I am being called by the teacher

2.      Maya is being drawn a mountain

3.      I am being seen the house on the hill

3. Present Perfect Tense

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I have been called by the teacher

2.      Maya has been drawn a mountain

3.      I have been seen the house on the hill

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I have been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya has been being drawn a mountain

3.      I have been being seen the house on the hill

PAST

1. Simple Past Tense

S + WAS/WERE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      We were called by the teacher

2.      Maya was drawn a mountain

3.      I was seen the house on the hill

2. Past Continuous Tense

S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      We were being called by the teacher

2.      Maya was being drawn a mountain

3.      I was being seen the house on the hill

3. Past Perfect Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I had been called by the teacher

2.      Maya had been drawn a mountain

3.      I had been seen the house on the hill

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I had been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya had been being drawn a mountain

3.      I had been being seen the house on the hill

FUTURE

1. Simple Future Tense

S + WILL + BE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will be called by the teacher

2.      Maya will be drawn a mountain

3.      I will be seen the house on the hill

2. Future Continuous Tense

S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will be being called by the teacher

2.      Maya will be being drawn a mountain

3.      I will be being seen the house on the hill

3. Future Perfect Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will have been called by the teacher

2.      Maya will have been drawn a mountain

3.      I will have been seen the house on the hill

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will have been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya will have been being drawn a mountain

3.      I will have been being seen the house on the hill

ACTIVE

Simple Present Tense

Aktif (S+V1+O) = Dara cook a noodle

Present Continous Tense

Aktif (S + is/am/are + Ving) = Dara is cooking a noodle

Present Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + has/have + V3) = Dara has cooked a noodle

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + has/have + been + Ving) = Dara has been cooking a noodle

Simple Past Tense

Aktif (S + V2 + O) = Dara cooked a noodle

Past Continuous Tense 

Aktif (S + was/were + Ving) = Dara was cooking a noodle

Past Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + had + V3) = Dara has cooked a noodle

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + had + been + Ving) = Dara had been cooking a noodle

Simple Future Tense

Aktif (S + will + V1 + O) = Dara will cook a noodle

Future Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + will + be + Ving) = Dara will be cooking a noodle

Future Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + will + have + V3) = Dara will have cooked a noodle

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + will + have + been + Ving) = Dara will have been cooking a noodle

Passive Voice

Passive voice merupakan ungkapan kalimat pasif. Dalam bentuk pasif subjek yang dikenai pekerjaan sedangkan dalam bentuk aktif subjeklah yang melakukan perbuatan. Dalam membentuk kalimat pasif yang harus kita lakukan adalah mengubah to be dan mengganti kata kerja ke dalam bentuk ketiga/V3.

Ada beberapa bentuk umum yang sering digunakan dalam membentuk passive voice. Yang membedakan adalah waktu berlangsungnya kejadian yang diterangkan, sudah terjadi, sedang terjadi atau akan terjadi.

Yang paling penting di ingat sebelum kita mencoba membuat passive voice dan kalimat ungkapan lainnya adalah penggunaan to be pada objek.

I (am/was, have/had) / khusus

He, she, it ( is/was, has/had) /tunggal

They, we, you (are/were, have/had) / jamak

PRESENT

1. Simple Present Tense

S + IS/AM/ARE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I am called by the teacher

2.      Maya is drawn a mountain

3.      I am seen the house on the hill

2. Present Continuous Tense

S + AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I am being called by the teacher

2.      Maya is being drawn a mountain

3.      I am being seen the house on the hill

3. Present Perfect Tense

S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I have been called by the teacher

2.      Maya has been drawn a mountain

3.      I have been seen the house on the hill

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I have been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya has been being drawn a mountain

3.      I have been being seen the house on the hill

PAST

1. Simple Past Tense

S + WAS/WERE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      We were called by the teacher

2.      Maya was drawn a mountain

3.      I was seen the house on the hill

2. Past Continuous Tense

S + WAS/WERE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      We were being called by the teacher

2.      Maya was being drawn a mountain

3.      I was being seen the house on the hill

3. Past Perfect Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I had been called by the teacher

2.      Maya had been drawn a mountain

3.      I had been seen the house on the hill

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

S + HAD + BEEN + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I had been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya had been being drawn a mountain

3.      I had been being seen the house on the hill

FUTURE

1. Simple Future Tense

S + WILL + BE + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will be called by the teacher

2.      Maya will be drawn a mountain

3.      I will be seen the house on the hill

2. Future Continuous Tense

S + WILL + BE + BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will be being called by the teacher

2.      Maya will be being drawn a mountain

3.      I will be being seen the house on the hill

3. Future Perfect Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will have been called by the teacher

2.      Maya will have been drawn a mountain

3.      I will have been seen the house on the hill

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN +BEING + V 3

Contohnya:

1.      I will have been being called by the teacher

2.      Maya will have been being drawn a mountain

3.      I will have been being seen the house on the hill

ACTIVE

Simple Present Tense

Aktif (S+V1+O) = Dara cook a noodle

Present Continous Tense

Aktif (S + is/am/are + Ving) = Dara is cooking a noodle

Present Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + has/have + V3) = Dara has cooked a noodle

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + has/have + been + Ving) = Dara has been cooking a noodle

Simple Past Tense

Aktif (S + V2 + O) = Dara cooked a noodle

Past Continuous Tense 

Aktif (S + was/were + Ving) = Dara was cooking a noodle

Past Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + had + V3) = Dara has cooked a noodle

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + had + been + Ving) = Dara had been cooking a noodle

Simple Future Tense

Aktif (S + will + V1 + O) = Dara will cook a noodle

Future Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + will + be + Ving) = Dara will be cooking a noodle

Future Perfect Tense

Aktif (S + will + have + V3) = Dara will have cooked a noodle

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif (S + will + have + been + Ving) = Dara will have been cooking a noodle