Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan.
Contoh :
“open the door!” she said to me
“how are you?” she asked
Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) menceritakan kembali pembicaraan atau pendapat seseorang dan mengalami perubahan/modifikasi tertentu.
Ada tiga jenis kalimat Indirect Speech:
A. Statement (Pernyataan)
Mengalami perubahan Pronoun dan Possessive Adjective
Mengalami perubahan waktu
Direct Indirect
i he/she
you me/he/she/them/him/her
my his/her
our their/our
your my/his/her
Direct Indirect
i he/she
you me/he/she/them/him/her
my his/her
our their/our
your my/his/her
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Now
|
Then
|
Last…
|
The…before
|
To day
|
That day
|
The previous…
| |
Tomorrow
|
The next day
|
…ago
|
…before
|
Next…
|
The day after
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
The following day
|
The day before yesterday
|
Two days before
| |
The…after
|
Here
|
There
| |
The following
|
This
|
That
| |
These
|
Those
|
Mengalami perubahan tenses
Contoh :
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
V1 V2 Can,may.will Could,might,would
V2 Had+V3 Must Had to
Is/am Was Could+V1/be Could+have+V3
Are Were Might+V1/be Might+have+V3
Has/have Had Should+V1/be Should+have+V3
Did Had+V3 Would+V1/be Would+have+V3
1. Rafa : " I will swim in the pool"
Rafa said that he could swim in the pool
2. YASMIN : “
Yasmin said that they are late to school
B. Command (Perintah)
Yang dilaporkan adalah perintah, biasanya tidak mengenal subjek. Maka kata kerja (Verb) dalam direct speech-nya tidak mengalami perubahan. Kata kerja dalam indirect-nya menjadi to infinitive.
Direct
|
Indirect
| |
Positif
|
V1
Be + adjective/adverb
|
To V1
To be + adjective/adverb
|
Negative
|
Don’t + V1
Don’t be + adjective/adverb
|
No to + V1
|
Contoh :
1. “Dont touch me!” Yasmin said to Rafa (Direct)
Yasmin said to Rafa to dont touch me (Indirect)
2. “Open the windows please!” he told me (Direct)
he told me to open the windows please (Indirect)
C. Question (Pertanyaan)
Bentuk question di bagi dua :
1. Berawalan auxiliary
Bila pernyataan itu diawali dengan auxiliary yang hanya membutuhkan jawaban “yes/not” maka kita gunakan penghubung if atau whether dalam indirect-nya. Pembentukan direct ke indirect speech mengalami perubahan seperti pola statement
Contoh :
A. Mother asked me :
A. Mother asked me :
Mother asked me whether/if I going to school tommorow (Indirect)
B. Susi asked me : can I borrow your book? (Direct)
Susi asked me whether/if she could borrow my book (Indirect)
2. Menggunakan kata Tanya/question word (when, how, where…..)
Question word disini berfungsi sebagai kata penghubung dalam indirect-nya. Langkah pembentukan indirect speech tipe ini sama dengan langkah pembentukan question berauxiliary tetapi if/whether digantikan dengan question word dari bentuk direct-nya
Contoh :
A. The foreign tourist asked : where can I buy batik? (Direct)
A. The foreign tourist asked : where can I buy batik? (Direct)
The foreign tourist asked where he could buy batik (Indirect)
B. The police asked : when did the accident happen? (Direct)
The police asked when the accident had happened (Indirect)
